What coins were used during the Song Dynasty in China?

Jiaozi is a currency issued by the Northern Song Dynasty in the first year of Renzong Tiansheng (1023 AD), which was once circulated as official legal tender, called "Guanjiaozi", and circulated in Sichuan for nearly 80 years. "Jiaozi" is the earliest paper money officially issued by ** in China, and it is also considered to be the earliest paper money used in the world, six or seven hundred years earlier than the paper money issued by Western countries such as the United States (1692) and France (1716). The denomination of Jiaozi varies from consistent to 10 times, and it is temporarily filled in when it is issued.

Later, it was reprinted and distributed in two types, five and ten, and soon changed to consistent and five hundred texts.

Jiaozi is the world's earliest paper money, which first appeared in Sichuan and was issued in Chengdu in the early Northern Song Dynasty (1023). The original Jiaozi was actually a certificate of deposit. In the early years of the Northern Song Dynasty, there were "Jiaozi shopkeepers" in Chengdu, Sichuan Province who operated cash custody business for merchants who were inconvenient to carry huge sums of money.

The depositor delivers the cash to the shopkeeper, who fills in the deposit amount on a paper roll made of pinched paper, and then returns it to the depositor, and charges a certain custody fee. This kind of paper coupon that temporarily fills in the deposit amount is called Jiaozi.

With the development of the market economy, the use of Jiaozi is becoming more and more extensive, and many businessmen have jointly set up Jiaozi shops that specialize in issuing and exchanging Jiaozi, and set up branches in various places. Because the shopkeepers abide by their promises and take them at any time, Jiaozi has gradually won a high reputation. In order to avoid the trouble of minting and transporting large amounts of money between merchants, more and more merchants directly use Jiaozi to pay for the goods.

Later, Jiaozi shop owners found that only using part of their deposits would not endanger Jiaozi's reputation, so they began to print Jiaozi with a unified denomination and format to issue to the market as a new means of circulation. It is this step-by-step development that makes "Jiaozi" gradually have the characteristics of credit money and truly become a paper currency.

With the gradual expansion of Jiaozi's influence, the need for standardized management has become increasingly prominent. During the Jingde period of the Northern Song Dynasty (1004-1007), Zhang Yong, the governor of Yizhou, rectified the Jiaozi shopkeepers, eliminated the lawbreakers, and operated them exclusively by 16 wealthy merchants. So far, the issuance of "Jiaozi" has officially achieved the first recognition.

In the first year of Song Renzong's Tiansheng (1023), ** set up Yizhou Jiaoziwu, with a capital of 360,000 guan as the reserve, and the first issuance of "official jiaozi" was 1.26 million guan, with a reserve rate of 28%.

From commercial credit certificates to official legal tenders, Jiaozi has undergone a radical transformation in just a few decades, possessing all the essential elements of modern paper money, leaving Europe far behind in the darkness of the Middle Ages.

According to the Qing Dynasty's "Continuation of Tongdian Food and Goods", Jiaozi was held every three years, which began in the Song Dynasty when copper coins and iron coins were used interchangeably and were not easy to carry; By the time of Shenzong, Jiaozi was officially recognized by the authorities, that is, in the early years of Xining, the forging of Jiaozi was equivalent to forging official documents.

Most of the coins used in the Song Dynasty were copper coins and paper money (Jiaozi, Huizi).

Copper coins, paper money (Jiaozi, Huizi).

Round square hole copper coin, the copper coin side will have xx Tongbao, xx ingots, xx heavy treasure words, xx represents the reigning emperor's year name. In the more than 300 years from the Northern Song Dynasty's "Taiping Tongbao" to the Southern Song Dynasty's "Chunxi Yuanbao", the emperor changed the yuan frequently, and a total of 49 kinds of era coins were minted. They are:

Song Yuan Tongbao, Song Taizu succeeded to the Song Yuan Tongbao, which was the first kind of coinage in the Song Dynasty, and the year name of the bank had not yet been minted; During the reign of Emperor Taizong of the Song Dynasty, he successively cast Taiping Tongbao, Chunhua Yuanbao, and Zhidao Yuanbao; During the reign of Song Zhenzong, there were successively cast Chengping ingots, Jingde ingots, auspicious talisman ingots, auspicious talisman Tongbao, Tiande Tongbao and so on; Song Renzong reigned for a long time, including Tiansheng Yuanbao, Mingdao Yuanbao, Jingyou Yuanbao, Emperor Song Tongbao, Qingli Chongbao, Zhihe Yuanbao, Zhihe Tongbao, Zhihe Chongbao, Jiayou Yuanbao, Jiayou Tongbao, etc.; Because of his short reign (only 4 years), Song Yingzong only cast Zhiping ingots and Zhiping Tongbao; During the reign of Song Shenzong, he successively cast Xining ingots, Xining heavy treasures, Yuanfeng Tongbao, etc.; During the reign of Song Zhezong, he successively cast Yuanyou Tongbao, Shaosheng Yuanbao, Yuanfu Tongbao, etc.; During the reign of Emperor Huizong of the Song Dynasty, the coins successively minted include the Holy Song Yuan Bao (national name money), Jianguo Tongbao, Chongning Tongbao, Chongning Tongbao big money, Daguan Tongbao, Zhenghe Tongbao, Zhenghe Chongbao, Chonghe Tongbao, Xuanhe Yuanbao, Xuanhe Tongbao, etc.; Song Qinzong was captured by the Jin people after more than a year on the throne, so only Jingkang Tongbao and Jingkang ingots were cast, and the amount of casting was not large; During the reign of Gaozong of the Southern Song Dynasty, there were two types of coins minted in the bank, including Jianyan Yuanbao, Jianyan Tongbao, Jianyan Chongbao, Shaoxing Yuanbao, and Shaoxing Tongbao; During the reign of Song Xiaozong, there were three kinds of coins such as Longxing, Gandao, and Chunxi; During the Song Guangzong period, Shaoxi ingots and Shaoxi Tongbao were cast; The coins minted during the Song Ningzong period include Qingyuan Tongbao, Jiatai Tongbao, Jiatai Yuanbao, Kaixi Tongbao, Jiading Tongbao and Shengsong Chongbao; During the reign of Emperor Lizong of the Song Dynasty, there were nine kinds of dozens of categories, such as the Great Song Yuanbao, the Great Song Tongbao, the Emperor Song Yuanbao, the Shaoding Yuanbao, the Shaoding Tongbao, the Duanping Yuanbao, the Duanping Heavy Treasure, the Jiaxi Tongbao, the Jiaxi Heavy Treasure, the Chunyou Yuanbao, the Chunyou Tongbao, the Kaiqing Tongbao, and the Jingding Yuanbao. Song Duzong cast Xianchun ingots, which was the last kind of year money cast by the Song Dynasty, and then the Song Dynasty was destroyed by the Yuan Dynasty and ceased to exist.

Except for the first generation, the rest are engraved and printed with the name of the emperor of the current dynasty.

In the early years of the founding of the People's Republic of China: Song Tong ingots.

The second generation: Taiping Tongbao.

The third generation: Chunhua ingots, Zhidao ingots, Xianping ingots, Jingde ingots, auspicious talisman ingots.

The most valuable coin of the Song Dynasty is the first Jingkang ingot, which is one of the 50 treasures of ancient coins, and its value is hundreds of thousands of yuan.

The second is the founding ingot, the ingots of the country (also 50 treasures) are unique products, and the value is not none, and its value is about 100,000 yuan.

Its three lines are the saint Song Tongbao (also 50 treasures), ** in the last century has been tens of thousands.

These three products belong to the official minting of the Northern Song Dynasty, followed by the coins of the Song peasant uprising, but few people know - Yinggan ingots (50 Zhen), the Southern Song Dynasty is Jianyan Yuanbao (50 Zhen), these coins are also about 10,000 yuan.

Not valuable, in history, the economic development of the Song Dynasty is the most prosperous, even better than the Tang Dynasty, when silk, tea and other commodities brought a large number of ** exchanges, the prosperous business for the demand for coins is obvious, a large number of coins in circulation, Song money is the most ancient Chinese coins in the world, brother let travel and a wide variety, because it is too envious stool all over so that the price itself is not high.

Song Dynasty coins as the most important currency of the Song Dynasty, every hundred Wen because of the Han system, its official also used eighty or eighty-five, but the private use of the states is still customary, to have forty-eight money for a hundred, Taiping Xingguo two years that is, 977 September Ding You, the edict is used in all seventy-seven for a hundred, usually called the province Mo or province, and one hundred Wen still needs to be a real number of one hundred money is called Zu Mo or foot, but all use seventy-seven for a hundred at least to the late Northern Song Dynasty is only the official standard.

Song money is the most surviving ancient currency, its basic characteristics are a large amount, many types, complex varieties, the vast majority of Northern Song Dynasty coins on the market ** are mostly within 1 3 yuan, the Southern Song Dynasty copper coins survive a little less, but the transaction price is also about a few yuan, at the same time, the Song Dynasty has treasures in the world.

Song Dynasty era name change diligent speed, almost every year name has a treasure, ingots, heavy treasure difference, such as Huizong reigned for 25 years, the establishment of the year number has as many as six, 11 kinds of coinage, some of the year name is very short, the casting of the year name money is less, after thousands of years of selection and survival is rarer, ** high, such as the founding of the country of the ingot handed down only one white copper coin; The rest, such as Song Renzong used 9 era names, minted 11 kinds of money, Southern Song Dynasty Lizong changed the Yuan 8 times, minted 16 kinds of money, etc., leaving a lot of unique and rare products, such as Chonghe Tongbao, Jingkang Yuan (Tong) Bao, Chunxi Yuanbao, etc., especially the Jingkang money cast by Song Qinzong has always been recommended by the spring world. Currency of the Song Dynasty:

First, the currency system of the Song Dynasty was mainly based on money, that is, Tongbao money, which was very complex and varied, and a new type of money appeared every few years. In addition to copper coins, there are also iron coins, and the two go hand in hand.

Second, the regionality of currency circulation, some places use copper coins, some places use iron coins, and some places use both. These coins circulate in one area and are not allowed to be shipped out of the country.

Third, the circulation is chaotic. Copper and iron coins are divided into sizes, and the prices between copper and iron coins and between large and small coins are different, resulting in disorderly circulation.

The currency of the Song Dynasty was dominated by Tongbao money, which was very complex and varied, and a new type of money appeared every few years. In addition to copper coins, there are also iron coins, and the two go hand in hand. Currency circulation is regional, some places are dedicated to copper coins, some places are dedicated to iron coins, and some places are used both.

During the reign of Zhenzong of the Song Dynasty, sixteen firms in Chengdu produced a kind of paper coupon, called "Jiaozi", which was circulated instead of money and iron. In the early years of the Southern Song Dynasty, a kind of silver huizi was issued instead of ** circulation, with money as the unit, the denomination is divided into one money and half a penny, which is renewed once a year, which is the earliest silver standard paper money in Chinese history, but it is only limited to the use of some regions, and is not circulated in the country.

In the Song Dynasty, there were two kinds of coins: round hole money (copper money) and Jiaozi coin. Jiaozi is the earliest paper money in China. One of the names of Song and gold banknotes.

First, the emperor attached importance to civil officials and controlled military generals, second, the power of the prime minister was divided, and the local governors were divided into powers, and the transfer made them in charge of finance, third, the army was replaced, and the personnel were replaced, and the imperial power was strengthened, and the imperial examination was strengthened, and the fourth was the development of the commodity economy, and the restrictions in the middle of the city were broken, and the fifth was the development of handicrafts, and technological innovation was emphasized, and the sixth was the emergence of paper money, which replaced metal money, and the seventh, the land Silk Road was blocked, and it turned to the sea, and the city was established.

Why in ancient Chinese history, the economic environment of the Song Dynasty was the best: First, the emperor attached great importance to civil officials and controlled military generals, second, divided the power of the prime minister, the local governor, the general judgment and decentralization, and the transfer made the governor in charge of finance, third, the army changed the defense, replaced the personnel, the imperial power was strengthened, the imperial examination was innovated, the fourth was the development of the commodity economy, the restrictions in the city were broken, the fifth was the development of the handicraft industry, and the emphasis was on technological innovation, and the sixth was the emergence of paper money instead of metal money.

Mainly copper coins, gold and silver were also used, but rarely. When the state is short of currency, it issues banknotes such as Jiaozi and Huizi.

The Song Dynasty had just appeared in paper money, called Jiaozi.